Octopus Wikipedia. The octopus or is a soft bodied, eight armedmollusc of the order. Mind_Map_Do_or_Make-1024x723.jpg' alt='English Grammar Mind Map Pdf' title='English Grammar Mind Map Pdf' />IOE Conference, May 2003, London, UK . Etymology and pluralisation. The scientific Latin term octopus was derived from Ancient Greek or a compound form of okt. Eslflows Guide for Teaching English Language Grammar and Verb tenses with Activities Lesson Plans. Octopoda. Around 3. Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak, with its mouth at the centre point of the arms which are sometimes mistakenly called tentacles. The soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight arms behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates. Images/xl/hQi9nzlZ_Irregular-verbs-in-English-Group-2-two-words-mind-map.png' alt='English Grammar Mind Map Pdf' title='English Grammar Mind Map Pdf' />Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths. Most species grow fast, mature early and are short lived. During breeding, the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the females mantle cavity, after which he becomes senescent and dies. The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them until they hatch, after which she also dies. Strategies to defend themselves against predators include the expulsion of ink, the use of camouflage and threat displays, their ability to jet quickly through the water, and their ability to hide. All octopuses are venomous, but only the blue ringed octopuses are known to be deadly to humans. Octopuses appear in mythology as sea monsters like the Kraken of Norway and the Akkorokamui of the Ainu, and probably the Gorgon of ancient Greece. Anthony Peter Tony Buzan b u z n born 2 June 1942 is an English author and educational consultant. Buzan popularized the idea of mental literacy and a. A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugos book Toilers of the Sea, inspiring other works such as Ian Flemings Octopussy. Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art, shunga. They are eaten by humans in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas. Etymology and pluralisation. The scientific Latin term octopus was derived from Ancient Greek or, a compound form of okt, eight and pous, foot, used for example by Alexander of Tralles c. The standard pluralised form of octopus in English is octopuses 7 the Ancient Greek plural octopodes, has also been used historically. The alternative plural octopi which misguidedly assumes it is a Latin us word is considered grammatically incorrect,91. I. Language II English Classes VI to VIII Compulsory Class VI Listening Competencies Classroom activities and processes Learning Outcomes. BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. The English Verb Tenses Ultimate Mind Map is a clear, fun way to present teach all the English verb tenses. Our expert article explains everything. GrammarQuizzes Writing Site Map Site Map Index of Practices and Exercises. Click an arrow below to expand the section and view page links and descriptions. Merriam Webster 1. Collegiate Dictionary and Websters New World College Dictionary. English Grammar Mind Map Pdf' title='English Grammar Mind Map Pdf' />The Oxford English Dictionary lists octopuses, octopi, and octopodes, in that order, calling octopodes rare and noting that octopi is based on a misunderstanding. New Oxford American Dictionary 3rd Edition 2. Anatomy and physiology. Size. Giant Pacific octopus at Echizen Matsushima Aquarium, Japan. It is considered to be the largest species. The giant Pacific octopusEnteroctopus dofleini is often cited as the largest known octopus species. Anuncio Tv Que Crack more. Adults usually weigh around 1. The largest specimen of this species to be scientifically documented was an animal with a live mass of 7. Much larger sizes have been claimed for the giant Pacific octopus 1. A carcass of the seven arm octopus, Haliphron atlanticus, weighed 6. The smallest species is Octopus wolfi, which is around 2. External characteristics. The octopus is bilaterally symmetrical along its dorso ventral axis the head and foot are at one end of an elongated body and function as the anterior front of the animal. The head includes the mouth and brain. The foot has evolved into a set of flexible, prehensile appendages, known as arms, that surround the mouth and are attached to each other near their base by a webbed structure. The arms can be described based on side and sequence position such as L1, R1, L2, R2 and divided into four pairs. The bulbous and hollow mantle is fused to the back of the head and is known as the visceral hump it contains most of the vital organs. The mantle cavity has muscular walls and contains the gills it is connected to the exterior by a funnel or siphon. The mouth of an octopus, located underneath the arms, has a sharp hard beak. Diagram of octopus from side, with gills, funnel, eye, ocellus, web, arms, suckers, hectocotylus and ligula labelled. The skin consists of a thin outer epidermis with mucous cells and sensory cells, and a connective tissue dermis consisting largely of collagen fibres and various cells allowing colour change. Most of the body is made of soft tissue allowing it to lengthen, contract, and contort itself. This allows the octopus to squeeze through tiny gaps even the larger species can pass through an opening close to 2. Lacking skeletal support, the arms work as muscular hydrostats and contain longitudinal, transverse and circular muscles around a central axial nerve. They can extend and contract, twist to left or right, bend at any place in any direction or be held rigid. The interior surfaces of the arms are covered with circular, adhesive suckers. The suckers allow the octopus to anchor itself or to manipulate objects. Each sucker is usually circular and bowl like and has two distinct parts an outer shallow cavity called an infundibulum and a central hollow cavity called an acetabulum, both of which are thick muscles covered in a protective chitinous cuticle. When a sucker attaches to a surface, the orifice between the two structures is sealed. The infundibulum provides adhesion while the acetabulum remains free, and muscle contractions allow for attachment and detachment. The eyes of the octopus are large and are at the top of the head. They are similar in structure to those of a fish and are enclosed in a cartilaginous capsule fused to the cranium. The cornea is formed from a translucent epidermal layer and the slit shaped pupil forms a hole in the iris and lies just behind. The lens is suspended behind the pupil and photoreceptive retinal cells cover the back of the eye. The pupil can be adjusted in size and a retinal pigment screens incident light in bright conditions. Some species differ in form from the typical octopus body shape. Members of the suborder Cirrina have stout gelatinous bodies with webbing that reaches near the tip of their arms, and two large fins above the eyes, supported by an internal shell. Fleshy papillae or cirri are found along the bottom of the arms, and the eyes are more developed. Circulatory system. Octopuses have a closed circulatory system, where the blood remains inside blood vessels. Octopuses have three hearts a systemic heart that circulates blood round the body and two branchial hearts that pump it through each of the two gills. The systemic heart is inactive when the animal is swimming and thus it tires quickly and prefers to crawl. Octopus blood contains the copper rich protein haemocyanin to transport oxygen. This makes the blood very viscous and it requires considerable pressure to pump it round the body octopuses blood pressures can exceed 7. Hg. 3. 5 In cold conditions with low oxygen levels, haemocyanin transports oxygen more efficiently than haemoglobin. The haemocyanin is dissolved in the plasma instead of being carried within blood cells, and gives the blood a bluish colour. The systemic heart has muscular contractile walls and consists of a single ventricle and two atria, one for each side of the body.